Directional control of sanding



R. E. MILLER DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF SANDING Aug. 19, 1941.

Filed June 25, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l R A E .w L 9 T M U T w. N N R m W AH.

Tm QM A AAAAA mm a m+ Nm J 5 Run A118. 19, 1 R. E. MILLER 2,252,895

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OF SANDING Filed June 25, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2w-wga i.-miV/lIII/110111014i INVENTQR RAYMQNU EjviiLLEF? qowauwggATTOFEN EY Patented Aug. 19, 1941 UNITED T DIRECTIONAL CONTROL OFSANDING v Raymond E. Miller, Wilkinsburg, Pa assig-nor to TheWestinghouse Air Brake Company, Wilmerding; Pa., a corporation ofPennsylvania Application June 25, 194 0, Seriai No. 342,245

19 Claims.

and more particularly to the type employed in connection with railwayvehicles .for sanding the rails ahead of or at the leading side of thevehicle wheels to increase the degree of adhesion between the wheels'andrails for minimizing the po ssibility of slipping of the wheels on therails whenvpower is applied to. the wheels for either acceleratingordecelerating the vehicle.

a Most railway vehicles are adapted to operate in eitherdirection, theleading end of the vehicle or loading side of the wheels under thevehicle upon movement in one direction becoming the t l n e or si e u onmov m t i he (mp0; site direction, and in order to obtain the desiredadhesion between the wheels and rails for both directions of movement itis therefore desirable that sand n p ar u b o e ati e o s pp y sand tothe rails at both sides of the wheels, A supply of sand to the rails atthe trailing sides of :thewheels is however useless and merely a waste,

and one. biect of the. invention s e ef r i provide an improved sandingarrangement for "railway vehicles conditionable automatically forsupplying sand to the rails only at the leading.

side of the wheels, regardless of the direction of movement of thevehicle.

Another object of the inventionis, the provision of an improvedsandingapparatus for a railway vehicle embodying inertia responsivemeans i conditionable automatically upon a certain rate of change invehicle speed to provide for the supply of sand to the rails only at theleading side of the vehicle Wheels and toprevent the supply of sand tothe trailing side of said wheels, regardless, of the direction ofmovement of the vehicle.

i qther object of the invention is to provide an improved pneumaticallycontrolled sand supply device of the ejector type for supplying sand f adin u po es. an em o y n ns fo insuring that the sand pipes throughwhich sand is adapted to be supplied to the track rails are openedbefore sand is supplied thereto.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following moredetailed description of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View, partly insection and partly in outline, of a sanding apparatus embodying one formof the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view takfin on the line 2-2 inFig. 1; Fig, 3 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section and partly inoutline, of another embodiment. of the invention; r

This invention relates to sanding apparatus Fig. 4 is a sectional viewtaken on the line 4-4 in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken onthe line 5-5 in Fig. 4.

Des ipt o In Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings the reference numeral lindicates a. wheel of a railway vehicle and the reference numeral 2indicates a rail on which said wheel is adapted to roll, the two formsof the invention being associated with this single wheel and rail merelyfor illustrative purposes, it being understood that the improved sandingapparatus may be arranged to sand rails at the leading side of eachvehicle wheel as shown a selector device 5 for controlling the operationof the sand supply devices 3 and 4 according to the direction ofmovement of the Vehicle.

The sand supply devices 3 and 4 are preferably identical in structureeach comprising a casing 6 having at one side a flange 1 adapted to besecured to the end flange 8 of a sand carrying receptacle or box 9carried by the vehicle and containing sand for supply through the sandsupply devices 3 and 4 to the track rail 2.

The casing 6 of each of the sand supply devices 3 and 4 is provided withthree coaxially arranged, vertically extending bores 9a, Ill, and II;the bore 9a which is of smallest diameter being located in the lowerportion of the casing while the bore H which is of greatest diameter islocated at the top of the casing and has its outer end closed by a coverl2. A bushing I3 is secured in the bore 9a and has a longitudinallyextending passage l4 which is open at its lower her 24 is open through apassage 25 to a sand outlet passage 25 from v the sand box 9 and throughthese passages sand is adapted to be supplied from said box to thechamber 24. The valve 23 is adapted to move with the pistons I8 and ISin an upward direction from the position shown and thus out of contactwith the bushing I3 as will be hereinafter more fully described. Thebushing I3 and the valve 23 are preferably made of a material such asrelatively soft rubber to resist being cut away by sand coming incontact therewith. A rubber sleeve or tip 2'! is securedover the lowerend of stem 2| to protect same against abrasion by sand.

Below the piston l8 there is a chamber 28 which is open to theatmosphere through a vent 'port 29, while abovesaid piston is a chamber30 which is connected by a passage 3| to an anjnular recess 32 providedin or around the bushing I3, preferably midway between its ends. Thepassage l4 through the bushing I3 is of reduced cross sectional areamidway between its ends as indicated by the reference numeral 33, andthe annular chamber 32 is open through a plurality of ports 34 to thisrelatively restricted portion of said passage. In chamber 3|] there is aspring 35 one end of which bears against the cover I2 and the other endacts on the piston I9 for normally urging said piston and the piston I18to the positions shown.

The sand supply passage 25 is connected by a passage 36 with theatmosphere and in passage35 a choke 31 is provided for controlling therate of flow of air from the atmosphere to the passage 25 duringsanding, as will be later explained. The stem 2| has a passage '39extending longitudinally therethrough and open at one end through theend of said stem to passage I4 in bushing I3. The other end of thepassage 39 in the sand supply device 3 is connected to a fluid pressuresupply pipe 40, while in' the sand supply device 4 said passage isconnected to a'fluid pressure supply pipe 4|.

The pipes 43 and 4| lead to the selector device 5 and open therein atopposite ends of a bore 42. In this bore there is slidably mounted avalve 43 comprising a pair of pistons 44 which are integrally connectedtogether by a stem 45.

Between the pistons 44 is an annular chamber 46 which is constantly opento a pipe 41 through which fiuid'under pressure is adapted to besupplied by any suitable or conventional manually or automaticallyoperative means for effecting sanding of the track rail 2. one of thepistons 43 is constantly open to the atmosphere through a passage 4111while the opposite face of the other piston is also constantly subjectto atmospheric pressure in a chamber 48 which is connected to theatmosphere through a port 49.

The valve 43 is shown in the drawings in one of two operating positionsand in this position it will be noted that the annular chamber 45establishes communication between the fluid pressure supply pipe 41 andthe pipe 4| leading The outer face of leading to the sand supply device4 is adapted to be opened to chamber 48 and thereby to the atmospherethrough the vent port 49. V V For positioning the valve 43 there isprovided in chamber 48 a mass or weight 5| which is supported on one endof a pair of shafts 52. the opposite ends of which have a pivotalconnection with the casing of the device through the medium of a pin 53.Intermediate the pin 53 and weight 5| one end of a link 54 is pivotallyconnected to the shafts 52, while the other end of said link isoperatively connected to the valve 43.

By this arrangement it will be apparent that movement of the weight 5|from the position shown in the direction of the left hand is adapted tooperate through the link 54 to shift the valve 43 from the positionshown to its other position above mentioned, while movement of theweight in the opposite direction back to the position shown is adaptedto pull the valve 43 to the position in which it also is shown.

The weight 5| is adapted to be positioned upon retardation of a vehicleobtained when braking same/and in order that it will be thus responsive,the pivot pin 53 is arranged with its axis extending transversely of thevehicle so that the weight 5| is movable in the direction of the vehiclelength.

Movement of the weight 5| from one position to another is opposed by aspring 55 one end of which acts on a seat 56 having a pivotal connectionwith the casing, while the opposite end of the spring acts on a seat 51having a pivotal connection with the mass or weight 5|, as shown in Fig.2. A pin 53 secured to the spring seat 55 slidably extends through asuitable bore in spring seat 5'! for maintaining the two seats andthereby the spring in cooperative relation.

It will be noted that when the brakes, on a vehicle equipped with thisimproved sanding arrangement, are applied and the vehicle starts todecelerate the inertia of the weight 5| will act to move said weight inthe'direction of travel of the vehicle and relative to the vehicle, suchmovement being opposed by the spring 55, and these parts are so designedthat movement of the weight will be prevented until the rate of rebeapparent that the parts of the device can be so designed as to insurethat the weight 5| will not move except when intended.

Operation Let it be assumed that the weight 5| is initially in its lefthand position and that the vehicle is moving in the direction indicatedby the arrow 60. Now when the brakes on the vehicle are applied and therate of retardation or change in speed of the vehicle resultingtherefrom is increased to a degree where the inertia of the weight 5|exceeds the opposing force of spring 55, said weight will move from itsleft hand position in the direction of the position shown. As soon asthe line of action of sprin 55 passes [to the right hand side of thefulcrum pin .53 then said spring becomes effective to act in conjunctionwith the inertia 'of the weight to promptly effect movement thereof andthereby of the valve 43 to the positions shown, in which the fluidpressure supply pipe 41; is connected to the pipe 4| for supplying fluidunder pressure to the sand supply device 4.

Now let it be, assumedthat the vehicle is moving in a direction oppositeto that indicated by the arrow 60. In this case the weight 5| will movefrom the position shown to its opposite or left hand position andthereby shift the valve 43 to the position for connecting the fluidprese sure supply pipe 41 to pipe 40, leading to the sand supply device3.

It will therefore be apparent that the selector device 5 will respond toretardation of the vehicle to connect the fluid pressure supply pipe 41to either the sand supply device 3 or 4, whichever is operative tosupply sand to the leading side of the wheel I depending upon thedirection of movement of the vehicle.

After a vehicle leaves a terminal the selector device 5 will operate tocut in the proper sand device 3 or 4, according to the direction ofmovement of the vehicle, the first time that an application of brakes iseffected of such intensity as to require sanding of the track rail. Itwill be apparent that a lighter application of the brakes may beeffected prior to such a heavy application of brakes and that theselector device 5 will not respond to such a light application, butunder such circumstances sanding of the rail 2 is not required,otherwise a heavier application of the brakes would be effected. Thus,whenever sanding of the rails is required the selector device 5 willrespond to cut in the proper sand supply device 3 or 4 according to thedirection of movement of the vehicle. After the proper sand supplydevice is cut in it will remain cut in so long as the direction ofmovement of the vehicle is not reversed as will be apparent.

When the vehicle is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 60 andthe weight 51 is in the position shown, if fluid under pressure issupplied to the pipe 41 to effect sanding, such fluid flows through theselector device 5 to pipe 4| and thence to the sand supply device 4.

Fluid under pressure thus supplied to the sand supply device 4 flowsthrough passage 39 therein into passage l4 in bushing 13 and, assumingthat the sand supply pipe [5 leading to the rail 2 is open, this flow offluid under pressure through the restricted portion 33 of passage [4acts through ports 34 to reduce the pressure in the annular cavity 32and thereby in chamber 30 above the piston I8 to a degree belowatmospheric pressure acting in chamber 23 below said piston and inchamber 23 below the piston I 9. The degree of such reduction inpressure in chamber 30 is adapted to provide a, sufficient differentialof fluid pressures on the piston l8 to move said piston and thereby thepiston I9 in an upwardly i ec o a a n s i 35 n to a o i io efined byengagement of the piston IS with cover l2. This movement of the piston20 pulls the valve 23 away from the end of bushing [3 there by openingcommunication between the annular chamber 24 and the passage [4;

With valve 23 thus unseated the jet of air frompassage 39 directedthrough the passage 14 in bushing l3 effects a reduction in pressureinthe space around the end of said stem and thereby in chamber 24, dueto which sand from he sand box is drawn h u h. the passa es 36 and tochamber 24 from which it is pulled into passage I54 and BJQQtedtherefrom through the pipe l5 to the rail 2 for sanding same.

At. the same time that sand is thus drawn from the sand box, air fromthe atmosphere is drawn through passage 36 into passage 25 at a ratedetermined by the size of choke 31 and one purpose of such flow is toagitate and break up the sand supplied to chamber 24 for sandingpurposes. The degree of agitation thus obtained can be, varied by thespecific location of passage 36 and y the size of choke 31, which alsocontrol the amount of sand supplied for sanding purposes, since as willbe apparent the force pulling the sand from the sand box may beincreased by reducing the flow capacity of choke 3'! or reduced byincreasing such flow capacity.

When the supply of fluid under pressure to the pipe 4'1 is cut off toterminate sanding the flow of fluid under pressure through passage l4and the bushing l3 ceases and as a result the fluid pressures a ainequalize on the opposite sides of pistons I 8 and IS in the sand device4 following which spring acting on said pistons return same to theirnormal positions for seating the valve 23 against the end of bushing l3so as to thereby prevent further flow of sand from sand box 9 to thesand pipe 15 and thence to rail 2 Now, assume that the vehicle is movingin the direction opposite that indicated by arrow 60 and that the weight5| is in its left hand position. If fluid under pressure is now suppliedto the pipe 41 to, effect sanding of the rail, such fluid flows throughthe selector device 5 to pipe 40 leading to the sand supply device 3.The sand supply device 3 will then operate in the same manner as thesand supply device 4 to supply sand to the rail 2 ahead of the wheel,assuming that the delivery pipe l5 from the sand sup l de ic 3 is OpenIt will now be noted that when the vehicle is moving in the directionindicated by arrow the sand supply device 3 does not operate, while uponmovement of the vehicle in the opposite direction the sand supply device4 does not operate. In other words only the sand supply device operateswhich is adapted to supply sand to the leading side of the wheel.

If at the time that fluid under pressure is supplied to the pi e 41 forefiecting operation of the sand device 3 or 4 to supply sand to thetrack rail 2;, the sand outlet pipe [5 is closed or sufficientlyrestricted by foreign matter such as ice, snow or by caked sand, thenthe fluid under pressure supplied from passage 39 through the bushing I3will not be able to flow through the sand pipe l5 and cause the pressurein piston chamber 36 to be reduced as above mentioned. Under such acircumstance spring 35 will maintain the pistons l8 and {9 in thepositions shown so as to hold the valve 23 seated and prevent the flowof sand from the sand box 9 to the sand pipe I 5. The pressure of fluidwill then build up in the sand supply pipe I5 on the obstruction in thepipe and such build up will continue to a degree, limited only by thepressure of fluid at the source of supply, which will break loose theobstruction in the sand supply pipe l5 and blow same out of the pipe. Assoon as the supply pipe I5 is thus cleared then the fluid under pressuredirected through passage l4 in bushing 13 will become effective to.reduce the pressure in chamber 3D for opening the sand supply valve 23to supply sand for sanding rail 2 in the manner above described. Thussand cannot be supplied from the sand box 9 to the delivery pipe l untilthis pipe is suificiently clear of obstructions to allow the desiredflow of sand therethrough to the track rail 2. This insures opening ofthe delivery pipe I5before sand is supplied thereto which otherwisemight create further obstruction thereof.

It will now be apparent that if the selector device 5 is conditioned asshown due to movement of the vehicle in the direction indicatedbiy arrow60, the sand device 4 is operative to supply sand during sanding to therail ahead of the wheel l, while the sand-device 3 is non-operative. Incase the vehicle is moving in the opposite direction then the selectordevice 5 will operate as above described to render the sand device 4non-operative and to connect the sand device 3 for operation so thatduring sanding the sand device 3will operate to supply sand to the rail2 ahead of the wheel I. Thus whenever sanding of the rail is requiredsand will be supplied to the rail only at the leading side of thevehicle regardless of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

Description of embodiment of invention shown in Figs. 3 to 5 In thisembodiment of the invention only one sand supply'device, indicated bythe reference numeral Bil, is employed for supplying sand for sanding ofthe rail 2 at both sides of the wheel l instead of the two sand supplydevices 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 1, while an inertia type selector device61 is arranged to direct the sand supplied by the single sand device Stto the leading side of the wheel in accordance with the direction ofmovement of the vehicle.

The sand supply device 60 may be identical in structure to the sandsupply devices 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 1. In this embodiment the fluidpressure supply pipe 4'! is connected directly to the sand supply deviceGil and in operation said device is operative to deliver sand from thesand box' 9 to an outlet pipe 62 leading to the selector device 6!. 4 r

The supply pipe 62 opens to a chamber 63 in the selector device. 6| andsaid chamber is provided with two oppositely arranged outlet openings 64and B5 communicating respectively with sand delivery pipes 65 and 67leading to the rail at opposite sides of the wheel I.

The outlet openings 64 and 65 are provided through bushings E8 and 69respectively which are secured in the selector device and which arepreferably made of rubber or the like to resist abrasion by sand. Theadjacent ends of the bushings 68 and 89 constitute two oppositelyarranged seats for engagement by a valve 10 also preferably made ofrubber. The valve "M is disposed in chamber 63 and carried by a pair ofarms H which are secured for movement with a rock shaft 12 journalled inthe casing. These parts are so arranged that upon movement of the 'rockshaft 72 in one direction theball valve 10 will be moved into engagementwith the bushing 69 to close communication between chamber 63 anddelivery pipe 61 while upon movement of said valve in the oppositedirection it is adapted to engage the bushing 68 for closingcommunication between the chamber 63 and the delivery pipe 66. Whencommunication between one of the delivery pipes 56 or (ii and thechamber 63 is thus closed the other delivery pipe is opened to saidchamber, as will be apparent.

The selector device 6i further comprises a mass or weight 73 having arms14 secured to the shaft 12 for turning same and thereby the valve uponmovement of said weight. The shaft 12 extends transversely of the carand the mass 13 is thus arranged to respond to retardation of thevehicle the same as the mass 51 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 of thedrawings. For controlling movement of the mass i3 there is provided aspring M acting on opposite ends of a pair of telescopically arrangedsleeves 15, the end of one sleeve being pivotally mounted on a pin 16which is carried by a cap nut ll having screw-threaded engagement withthe casing of the device, while the opposite end of the other sleeve ispivotally mounted on a pin 18 carried by the weight 13.

Operation of embodiment shown in Figs. 3 to 5 Let it be assumed that thevehicle is moving in the direction indicated by arrow 80 in Fig. 3 andthat the brakes on the vehicle are applied to a degree suflicient forcausing the Weight 13 to move forwardly of the vehicle to the positionshown in Fig. 5. Under this condition the ball valve 10 will be closingthe open end of the bushing 69 and opening communication between chamber'63 in the selector device and the sand delivery pipe 66. Now if fluidunder pressure is supplied through pipe 4'! to the sand device to effecta sanding operation, sand is blown from said device through pipe 62 intochamber 63 and thence through passage 54 and delivery pipe 66 to therail 2 ahead of the wheel I, it being noted that the ball'valve iiiunder this condition prevents the supply of sand to pipe 6'! leading tothe rail at the trailing side of the wheel.

If the vehicle is moving in the opposite direction, under whichcondition the ball valve H3 will be seated against bushing $8, it willthen be apparent that the sand supplied to cavity 63 upon operation ofthe sand device 6 will flow through the delivery pipe 61 to the rail 2at the leading side of the wheel I, while the ball valve 10 will preventthe flow of sand through the delivery pipe 66 to the trailing side ofthe wheel I,

Thus, in this embodiment of the invention, the selector device 6! isconditionable automatically according to the direction of movement ofthe vehicle to direct sand only to the leading side of the vehicle wheeland to prevent flow of sand to the trailing side of the wheel during asanding operation regardless of the direction of movement of thevehicle. In this embodiment however the selector device 6! is arrangedto control the sand delivered by the sand device so that only one sanddevice is required toprovide sand for both directions of movement of thevehicle in contrast to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 where the selectordevice 5 controls the supply of fluid under pressure to the two sanddevices one of which is required for each direction of movement.

If the delivery pipes 66 or 61 are clogged with foreign material orcaked sand at the time fluid under pressure is supplied to the sandsupply device 60 to effect sanding of the rail, it will be apparent thatsuch pressure will build up in the connected delivery pipe'throughchamber 63 in the selector device El and cause such clogging material tobe broken loose and ejected from the pipe before sand is supplied tosaid pipe, in substantially the same manner as in the apparatus shown inFig. 1.

Summary erates automatically to provide selective sanding wheelregardless of the direction of movement of ithejvehicle; The inertia orpendulum type of diiectional control conditionable by a certain rate ofchange in speed or retardation of a vehicle is simple yet positive inits selective control. This selective control may be between difierentsand supply devices or between different sand delivery pipes from thesame sand supply device.

The improved sand supply device is provided to render the automaticapparatus especially'efficient and effective since substantially no sandwill be supplied for sanding until after the sand delivery pipe isclearedof obstructions thereby peventing further clogging of said pipeif already clogged. This cleaning of the sand pipe ofyobstructions'isalso well assured since until the clogging material is broken loose, allfluid pressure supplied thereto is blocked against escape, therebypermitting the attainment of a relatively high fluid pressure forcleaning said pipe.

wane two illustrative embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed in detail, it is not the intention to limit the-scope to theseembodiments or otherwise than by the appended claims.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is: g i

1. A sanding arrangement for sandinga rail under a railway vehicle,comprising, a plurality bffsand delivery pi t which Sand is adapted tobe delivered to saidrail, means operable to supply sand tocn'e oranother or said pipes, and inertia means conditionable upon a chosenrate of change in speed of the vehicle for f selecting the pipe towhichsand is supplied by said means in accordance with the direction ofmovement of the vehicle:

2 .A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail "under a railway vehicle,comp-rising, a plurality of sand delivery pipes through which sand isadapted to be delivered to said rail, means operable to supply sand tosaid pipes, and inertia controlled means responsive to a chosen rate ofchange in speed of said vehicle upon movement thereofin one direction torender said means operable to eiTect a supply of sand to oneof saidtionto another of said pipes.

3. A sanding arrangement for a railway ve hicleficomprising, a pluralityof sand delivery pipes through which sand is adapted to be delivered toa track rail, means operable to supply sand to said pipes, inertiacontrolled means responsive to a chosen rate of change in speed of saidvehicle, and means controlled by said inertia controlled means forselectively establishing one pipes and upon movement in the oppositedirec- "or another of two communications in accordance "with thedirection of movement of the vehicle for effecting the supply of sand toeither one or another of said pipes.

4. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehiclewheel, comprising, de-

livery means for effecting a delivery of sand to saidrail at one side ofsaid wheel, delivery means for effecting a delivery of sand to said railat the opposite side of said wheel, selector meansfor rendering eitherone or the other of said delivery means effective and the othernoneffective, and inertia means responsive to retardation of a vehiclein either direction of movement thereof for operating said selectormeans torender the delivery means at the leadregardless of the directionof movement of the vehicle.

5. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail' under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, one communication through which fluid underpressure is adapted to flow to efiect sanding'of said rail at one sideof said wheel, another communication through which fluid under pressureis adapted to flow to effect sanding of said rail at the opposite sideof said wheel, valve means for controlling said communications, andinertia means responsive to retardation of the vehicle in eitherdirection of vehicle movement for conditioning said valve means to openthe communication for effecting sanding of the rail at the leading sideof the wheel and for closing the other communication in accordance withthe di- "rection of movement of the vehicle.

6. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a

main communication through which fluid under pressure is adapted toflow, a branch communication adapted to, receive fluid under'pressurefrom said main communication for effecting the supply of sand to saidrail atone side of said wheel, another branch communication torreceivingfluid under pressure from said main communication to effect a supply ofsand to said rail at "the opposite side of said wheel, valve meanshaving one position for connecting said main communication with one ofsaid branch communications and for closing communication betweensaidymain communication and the other branch communication and movableto another positionior reversing such connections, an inertia elementmovable upon retardation of a vehicle to either one or another of twopositions dependent upon the direction of movement of the vehicle, andmeans connecting said inertia element to said valve means forconditioning said valve means to connect the main supply communicationto the branch communication through which the supply of sand to theloading side of the wheel is adapted to be effected, dependent upon thedirection of movement of the vehicle.

i7. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail undera wheel of a. railwayvehicle, comprising, a communication through which fluid under pressureis adapted to flow to effectsanding of said rail at one side of saidwheel, another communication through which fluid under pressure isadapted to flow to effect sanding of said rail at the opposite side ofsaid Wheel, a pipe through which fluid under pressure is adapted to besupplied to said communications, a valve operative in one position toconnect one of said communications to said pipe and to disconnect theother communication from said pipe and operative in another position toreverse the connections between" said communications and pipe, and aweight arranged to move in the direction of the length of the vehicleand responsive to retardation of the vehicle upon movement in eitherdirection, said Weight being connected to said valve and being operativeupon retardation of said vehicle when moving in one direction to connectsaid pipe to the communication through which fluid under pressure isadapted to be supplied to effect sanding of the rail ahead of said wheeland being operative upon retardation of said vehicle when thevehi'cle ismoving in the opposite direction to connectsaid pipe to the othercommunication. e v

V 8. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a device having a chamber open to a pipe throughwhich fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber foreffecting sanding of said rail, said chamber having two outlets, oneproviding for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber toeffect'sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the otherproviding for flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber to effectsanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, a valve in saidchamber having one position for connecting said pipe to one outlet andfor disconnecting the other outlet from said pipe and having anotherposition for reversing such connections, and inertia controlled meansresponsive to a chosen change said rail, said chamber having twooutlets, one

providing for the'flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber toefiect sanding of said rail Iat oneside of said wheel and the otherproviding for flow of, fluid under pressure from said chamber toeffect-sanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, a valvein said chamber havj ing oneposition for connecting saidpipe to oneoutlet and for. disconnecting the other outlet fromrsaid pipe and havinganother position for reversingsuch connections, and a mass operative byinertia upon a chosen change in speed of the vehicle when moving in onedirection to efiect movement of said valve to a positionffor connectingsaid pipe to the. outlet through which ffluidunder pressure is adaptedto flow fortefiecting sanding of. said rail at the leading side of saidwheel and when moving in the opposite direction to shift said valve intoits otherposition.

10. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of arailwayvehicle, comprising, a

device 'havinga chamber open to a pipe through which fluid underpressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber for efiecting sandingof said rail, said chamber having two outlets, one.

providing for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber toeiTect sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the otherproviding for flow of fluid under-pressure from said chamber to eliectsanding of said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, said outletsbeing at opposite ends of said chamber: in coaxial relation and theadjacent ends of said outlets each being encircled by a valve seat, avalve in said chamber "movable into engagement with one of said seats toclose communication between said chamber and one of said outlets andmovable into engagement with the otherseat to close communicationbetween said'chamber and the other outlet, and a weight responsive toachosen change in speed of the vehicle for moving said valve intoengagement with one or the other of said seats in accordance with thedirection of movement of the vehicle for thereby opening said chamber tothe communication for effecting the supply of sand to said rail at theleading side of the wheel for the direction of movement ofthe vehicleand for closing communication between said chamber and the outletthrough which fluid is adapted to be supplied to effect sanding of therail at the opposite side of the wheel.

11. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a device having a chamber open to a pipe throughwhich fluid under pressure is adapted to be supplied to said chamber forefiecting sanding of said rail, said chamber having two outlets, oneproviding for the flow of fluid under pressure from said chamber toeiTect sanding of said rail at one side of said wheel and the otherproviding for flow of fluid under pressure from said chamside of saidwheel, a valve in said chamber having one position for connecting saidpipe to one outlet and for disconnecting the other outlet from said pipeand having anotherposition for reversing such connections, a weightpivoted to swing in the direction of the length of the vehicle andmovable by inertia in the direction of movement of the'vehicle uponretardation of the vehicle, means connecting said weight to said valveto position said valve upon retardation of the vehicle in accordancewith the direction of movement thereof for supplying fluid underpressure from said pipe to the outlet through which fluid under pressureis adapted to be supplied'to eiiect sanding of the rail at the leadingside of the wheel, and a spring acting on said weight to preventmovement thereof on rates of retardation less than a chosen degree. r

12. A sanding apparatus for sanding a rail un-, der a railway vehiclewheel, comprising, a selector device having a chamber to which sand isadapted to be supplied and having two outlets from said chamber throughwhich sand is adapted to flow from said chamber to the railat oppositesides of said wheel, a valve in said chamber having one position forclosing communica tion with one ofsaid outlets and another position forclosing communication with the other outlet, a weight arranged to movein the direction of length of the vehicle and responsive to retardationof the vehicle when thervehicle is moving in one direction to effectmovement of said valve to the position for closing the outlet opening tothe trailing side of said wheel and when moving in the oppositedirection to close the other outlet whereby for either direoticnofvehicle movement the outlet for supplying sand to'the leading side ofsaid wheel is open to said arranged for movement in the direction oflength of the, vehicle and connected to said valve, said weight beingoperative upon retardation of the vehicle when moving in one directionto efiect movement of'saidvalve into engagement with the seat around theoutlet which opens to the trailing side of said wheel and when moving inthe opposite direction toeiTeot movement of said,

valve into engagement with the other seat, to thereby provide forsanding of said rail at the leading side of said wheel dependent uponthe direction of movement of the vehicle.

14. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a device operative by fluid under pressure toeffect the supply of sand to said rail at one side of said wheel,another device operative by fluid under pressure to efl'ect the supplyof sand to said rail at the opposite side of said wheel, selector meansfor controlling the supply of fluid under pressure to said devices andoperative when eifecting the supply of fluid under pressure to one ofsaid devices to out 01f the supply of fluid under pressure to the otherdevice, and a weight for controlling said selector means and movable inthe direction of the length of the vehicle, said weight being operativeupon a chosen change in vehicle speed upon movement of the vehicle inone direction to condition said selector means to supply fluid underpressure to the said device which is operative to effect sanding of therail at the leading side of the vehicle wheel and upon movement of thevehicle in the opposite direction to condition said selector means tosupply fluid under pressure to the other device.

15. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising,

a sand supply device operative to supply sand 0 for sanding said rail, aselector device operative to direct the sand supplied by said sandsupply device to said rail at either one side or the op posite side ofsaid Wheel, and means responsive to retardation of the vehicle whenmoving in one direction to actuate said selector device for directingthe sand supply to the leading side of the wheel and for blocking thesupply of sand to the opposite side of the wheel, said means beingresponsive to retardation of the vehicle when moving in the oppositedirection to direct the sand supplied by said sand device to the thenleading side of the wheel and to block the supply of sand to theopposite side of said wheel.

16. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a wheel of a railwayvehicle, comprising, a sand delivery pipe leading to said rail, a sourceof sand, a communication through which sand is adapted to be suppliedfrom said source to said pipe, a valve normally closing saidcommunication, a movable abutment connected to said valve and having atone side a chamber open to said pipe, and means for directing a jet offluid under pressure through said pipe, the connection between saidchamber and pipe being so arranged that the pressure in said chamber isreduced upon the flow of fluid under pressure through said pipe foreifecting operation of said piston to unseat said valve for supplyingsand to said pipe.

17. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle,comprising, a source of sand from which sand is adapted to be suppliedto an outlet for sanding said rail, a valve normally closingcommunication between said source and outlet, a piston connected at oneside to said valve and having at the opposite side a chamber, a springacting on said piston for urging said valve to its closed position,means fordirecting a jet of fluid under pressure through said outlet,and means connecting said chamber with said outlet in such a manner asto cause a reduction in pressure in said chamber upon flow of fluidunder pressure through said outlet to thereby effect operation of saidpiston to open said valve.

18. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle,comprising, a source of sand, and a sand device having an outlet throughwhich sand from said source is adapted to flow for sanding said rail,said sanding device comprisin a valve normally closing communicationbetween said source and said outlet, a piston secured to said valve andhaving at one side a chamber a reduction in pressure in which is adaptedto actuate said piston for unseating said valve, a spring for seatingsaid valve, means for directing a stream of fluid under pressure throughsaid outlet, said chamber being connected with said outlet in such amanner as to cause a reduction in pressure in said chamber upon flow offluid under pressure through said outlet to eifect movement of saidpiston against said spring for unseating said valve to thereby rendersaid stream of fluid under pressure effective to draw sand from saidsource to said outlet, the connection between said source of sand andsaid of air from the atmosphere into the stream of sand supplied fromsaid source to said valve.

19. A sanding arrangement for sanding a rail under a railway vehicle,comprising, a source of sand, a sand device having a sand passage opento said source and supplied with sand therefrom, said sand device havingan outlet open to a sand delivery pipe through which sand is adapted toflow to effect sanding of said rail, a valve for closing communicationbetween said sand through said outlet to effect operation of said pistonto open said valve to thereby render said et of air eifective to drawsand from said sand stricted rate upon unseating of said valve.

RAYMOND E. MILLER.

